Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and mycorrhizal stimulant affect dry matter and nutrient accumulation in bean and soybean plants1

Fabrício Henrique Moreira Salgado,José Oswaldo Siqueira,Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro,Helder Barbosa Paulino,Fatima Maria de Sousa Moreira

doi:10.1590/1983-40632016v4640282

Abstract

ABSTRACT The adoption of biological resources in agriculture may allow less dependence and better use of finite resources. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi native to the Brazilian Savannah associated with the application of mycorrhizal stimulant (7-hydroxy, 4'-methoxy-isoflavone), in the early growth of common bean and soybean. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, with a 7 x 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of five arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi species, joint inoculation (junction of all species in equal proportions) and native fungi (without inoculation), in the presence and absence of stimulant. The following traits were evaluated: shoot dry matter, root dry matter, mycorrhizal colonization, nodules dry matter and accumulation of calcium, zinc and phosphorus in the shoot dry matter. The increase provided by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the use of stimulant reached over 200 % in bean and over 80 % in soybean plants. The fungi Acaulospora scrobiculata, Dentiscutata heterogama, Gigaspora margarita and Rhizophagus clarus, for bean, and Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Dentiscutata heterogama, Rhizophagus clarus and the joint inoculation, for soybean, increased the dry matter and nutrients accumulation.

Highlights

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which are important for plant communities, belong to the Glomeromycota phylum
This study aimed at evaluating the effects of inoculation with native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from the Brazilian Savannah associated with the application of mycorrhizal stimulant (7-hydroxy, 4’-methoxy-isoflavone), in the initial growth of common bean and soybean plants
Mycorrhizal colonization varied according to the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi species, and increments reached values up to 700 % higher than those observed in the control without inoculation

Summary

Introduction

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which are important for plant communities, belong to the Glomeromycota phylum They increase the absorption of water and nutrients by plants in the ecosystem (Moreira & Siqueira 2006, Ferreira et al 2012). Their primary role is to promote plant growth by improving its nutritional status, since they release their hyphae to explore the soil, providing a greater nutrient and water absorption to plants This is of great importance for elements of low mobility in the soil that are beyond the root zone, such as phosphorus (Siqueira et al 2002, Moreira & Siqueira 2006, Marschner 2012).

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Results