Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) inoculation, which was administered to increase the quality of einkorn wheat in its fatty acid composition, quality and mineral concentration. Wheat grown from AM inoculated seed (AM+) had increased the dry matter (DM), iron (Fe), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), especially oleic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid, and cis-5,-8,-11,-14, and cis-17 eicosapentaenoic acid from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (P <0.05), but decreased crude ash (CA), potassium (K), and total saturated fatty acids (UFA), especially myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and monounsaturated fatty acids, especially cis-palmitoleic acid, cis-10-heptadecenoic acid, cis-11 eicosenoic acid, erucic acid, and linoleic acid (P <0.05) compared with einkorn wheat grown from non-inoculated seed (AM-). Crude protein (CP) content ranged from 10.56% to 10.68%, and ether extract (EE) content varied between 2.03% and 2.41%, neither of which was significantly different between treatments. Significant increases were observed in UFA, and in the ratios of UFA to SFA and PUFA to SFA in AM+ compared with AM-.
 Keywords: mycorrhizal inoculation, nutrient composition, Triticum monococcum
Highlights
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are naturally ubiquitous and beneficial fungi in agricultural ecosystems
Three random samples were collected from each treatment while harvesting
The dry matter (DM) content of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM)+ and AM- differed significantly in this study. Both were greater than the 89.81%, 89.69%, and 88.95% DM found by Ertop (2019), Ertop and Atasoy (2019), and Vrancheva et al (2019), respectively
Summary
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are naturally ubiquitous and beneficial fungi in agricultural ecosystems. Einkorn wheat bread has not been gene edited and has a low risk of inducing allergic reactions It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants and has some positive effects on human health (Hidalgo & Brandolini, 2014). With its tight husk structure, einkorn wheat is resistant to diseases and pests and is highly competitive in dry conditions and in infertile soils (Kastamonu Chamber of Commerce, 2019). These attributes make it a putative source of new and useful genes, and a crop that has good agri-biological properties (Nakov et al, 2016)
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