Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-fatigue effects of Aralia continentalis kitagawa (AC) extract during exhaustive exercise of rats by forced swimming. Rats were subjected to forced swimming until exhausted after pre-treatment with AC extract for 21 days. Exhaustion time significantly increased in rats treated with AC extract. AC treatment also preserved blood homeostasis during fatigue due to exhaustive exercise. For fatigue-related serum biomarkers, AC extract significantly fail to decrease glucose and triglyceride (TG), but ameliorated increased lactate levels compared with levels in control rats. Metabolic acidosis, a major cause of fatigue, was effectively attenuated by AC extract, according to metabolic acidosis-related blood parameters. AC extract suppressed muscle injury and attenuated gastrocnemius muscle apoptotic responses due to exhaustive exercise. To investigate the mechanisms behind the AC extract anti-fatigue effect, we evaluated its effect on oxidative stress-related fatigue. We showed that pro-oxidants were inhibited, while antioxidants were preserved by AC extract treatment. Therefore, the anti-fatigue effect of AC extract was mediated by suppression of oxidative stress. Overall, the study demonstrated that AC extract effectively attenuates fatigue from exhaustive exercise through oxidative stress inhibition. AC extract, as an antioxidant, could be utilized as a therapeutic or preventive strategy against exhaustive exercise fatigue.
Highlights
Fatigue induced by exhaustive exercise is defined as a feeling of extreme physical or mental tiredness, weakness, or exhaustion [1]
Aralia continentalis kitagawa (AC) Extract Contains Chlorogenic Acid as an Active Component according to HPLC Analysis
Since previous studies have shown that AC extract contains chlorogenic acid as an active component [23,24], we sought to determine the composition of chlorogenic acid in the AC water extract using HPLC analysis
Summary
Fatigue induced by exhaustive exercise is defined as a feeling of extreme physical or mental tiredness, weakness, or exhaustion [1]. The incidence of fatigue is closely associated with inflammation and chronic pain and can worsen a patient’s quality of life, especially when the disease is severe, or mild but persistent long term [2]. Fatigue is closely related to sophisticated metabolic conditions caused by various factors such as the subject’s age, duration of the activity, and severity of the exercise [3]. Lactic acid accumulates in the body, especially within the muscles [4,5]. Lactic acid accumulation impairs the contractility and reduces the innervation of muscles, leading to muscle fatigue [6]. Exhaustive exercise causes an imbalance in the energy demand, resulting in the body becoming exhausted when it persists.
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