Abstract
Background: Kan-Lu-Hsiao-Tu-Tan (KLHTT) exhibits anti-psoriatic effects through anti-inflammatory activity in mice. However, the therapeutic effects of KLHTT on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), another significant autoimmune inflammatory disorder, have not been elucidated. Herein, we explored the anti-arthritic effects of KLHTT on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Methods: KLHTT was extracted by boiling water and subjected to spectroscopic analysis. Chicken collagen type II (CII) with complete Freund’s adjuvant was intradermally injected to induce CIA in DBA/1J mice. Anti-CII antibody, cytokines, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were measured using ELISA, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and a hydrogen peroxide assay kit. Splenocyte proliferation was tested using thymidine incorporation. Th1 and Th17 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: Oral KLHTT treatment (50 and 100 mg/kg) ameliorated mouse CIA by decreasing the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, and tumour necrosis factor-α in the paw homogenates and serum. KLHTT also suppressed anti-CII antibody formation, splenocyte proliferation, and splenic Th1 and Th17 cell numbers. Additionally, KLHTT showed antioxidant activity by reducing the concentrations of MDA and H2O2 in paw tissues. Conclusions: The therapeutic effects of KLHTT in CIA mice were through regulating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Our results suggest that KLHTT has potential to treat RA.
Highlights
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately 1% of the global population, which is characterised by synovitis, cartilage damage, and bone resorption in the joint [1].RA is associated with fatigue [2], cervical spine disease, carpal tunnel syndrome [3], interstitial lung disease [4], cardiovascular disease [5], depression [6], and sleep disorders [7]
It has been reported that flavone glycosides are the major constituents of the KLHTT aqueous extract [27]
The specific mass fragmentations were compared with previous references [28,29,30,31,32,33,34], and eight flavonoids were identified: chrysin 6-C-arabinoside-8-C-glucoside (1), chrysin 6-C-glucoside-8-C-arabinoside (2), baicalin (3), norwogonin-7-O-β-d-glucuronide (4), chrysin
Summary
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately 1% of the global population, which is characterised by synovitis, cartilage damage, and bone resorption in the joint [1].RA is associated with fatigue [2], cervical spine disease, carpal tunnel syndrome [3], interstitial lung disease [4], cardiovascular disease [5], depression [6], and sleep disorders [7]. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately 1% of the global population, which is characterised by synovitis, cartilage damage, and bone resorption in the joint [1]. The medical treatment of RA includes biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, and analgesics. These available therapies cannot treat the disease completely and exert significant side effects. Kan-Lu-Hsiao-Tu-Tan (KLHTT) exhibits anti-psoriatic effects through anti-inflammatory activity in mice. The therapeutic effects of KLHTT on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), another significant autoimmune inflammatory disorder, have not been elucidated. We explored the anti-arthritic effects of KLHTT on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice
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