Abstract
BackgroundClonorchis sinensis infection could trigger strong immune responses in mice and humans. However, whether the C.sinensis infection has an impact on arthritis is unknown. Here we investigated the effect of C.sinensis infection on type II collagen-induced arthritis in BALB/c mice.ResultsThe mice were firstly infected with 45 C.sinensis metacercariae by oral gavage. Four weeks later, arthritis in mice was induced by type II collagen. Joint inflammation with severe redness and swelling in hind paws was observed in type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. Besides, the physical activity was significantly reduced, but the respiratory exchange ratio was increased in CIA mice. Compared with CIA mice, C.sinensis infection could increase the severity of arthritis in CIA mice, based on the results of disease score and pathological changes. Compared to CIA mice, increased neutrophils and Ly6Chi monocytes, decreased B cells and CD4+T cells, were found in C.sinensis infected CIA mice. Besides these, C.sinensis infected mice also displayed significantly higher levels of serum IL-4 and IL-17 than those in CIA mice.ConclusionsTaken together, our data suggest that C.sinensis infection have a bad effect on arthritis, and could induce the abnormality of the immune response in mice with CIA.
Highlights
Clonorchis sinensis infection could trigger strong immune responses in mice and humans
It has been shown that Schistosoma japonicum infection and Trichinella spiralis derived antigen could reduce the severity of collageninduced arthritis [8], via immune reactions related to IL-4 and T regulatory (Treg) Cells mediated by parasite antigens in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice
Mice infected with C.sinensis metacercariae As shown in Fig. 1, the CIA mice were successfully infected with C.sinensis, and the parasite infection could induce the pathological damage of the liver in CIA mice
Summary
Clonorchis sinensis infection could trigger strong immune responses in mice and humans. We investigated the effect of C.sinensis infection on type II collagen-induced arthritis in BALB/c mice. It is estimated that 24.5 million people are affected by RA [2], and the published reports have been shown that the immune responses mediated by neutrophils, T cells, B cells, macrophages and associated cytokines, including TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17 and IL1, play critical roles in RA [3]. T helper 17 (Th17) cells, Th9 and T regulatory (Treg) cells participate in the immune response during parasitic infection [6]. It has been shown that Schistosoma japonicum infection and Trichinella spiralis derived antigen could reduce the severity of collageninduced arthritis [8], via immune reactions related to IL-4 and Treg Cells mediated by parasite antigens in CIA mice
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