Abstract
Background: Wild aquatic birds are considered as reservoir hosts for Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) and may act as vectors for transferring these viruses to poultry, causing outbreaks of disease. Recent studies suggested that the velogenic viruses arise from avirulent strains originating from wild birds. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to determine whether the aquatic birds of Khozestan province were infected with NDV. Materials and Methods: In winter, 24 Muscovey ducks from Shoshtar, 20 geese from Dezfoul and 51 geese from Khorramshahr (Aquatic birds of Khozestan province) were bled, and birds' sera were collected and used in HI assay and antibody titer to NDV were determined. Beta procedure of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay was performed in U-bottomed 96-well microtiter plates with 0.5% chicken erythrocytes. Results: All serum samples tested for antibodies against hemagglutinin by HI assay had positive results, and all of these birds had high levels of antibody titer to the NDV. Conclusion: The results in the present study clearly showed that the aquatic birds of Khozestan province population in Iran carries NDVs, and may act as one of the important reservoirs for this virus. So it was concluded that detection and elimination of these birds can be a valuable tool for the control of Newcastle Disease outbreaks.
Highlights
Wild aquatic birds are considered as reservoir hosts for Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) and may act as vectors for transferring these viruses to poultry, causing outbreaks of disease
Strains of ND virus have been grouped into five pathotypes on the basis of the clinical signs seen in infected chickens; Viscerotropic velogenic: a highly pathogenic form in which haemorrhagic intestinal lesions, Neurotropic velogenic: a form that presents with high mortality, usually following respiratory and nervous signs, Mesogenic: a form that presents with respiratory signs, occasional nervous signs, Lentogenic or respiratory: a form that presents with mild or subclinical respiratory infection and Asymptomatic enteric: a form that usually consists of a subclinical enteric infection [2,3,4]
Wild aquatic birds are considered as reservoir hosts for Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs), and may act as vectors for transferring these viruses to poultry, causing outbreaks of disease
Summary
Wild aquatic birds are considered as reservoir hosts for Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) and may act as vectors for transferring these viruses to poultry, causing outbreaks of disease. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to determine whether the aquatic birds of Khozestan province were infected with NDV. Conclusion: The results in the present study clearly showed that the aquatic birds of Khozestan province population in Iran carries NDVs, and may act as one of the important reservoirs for this virus. Wild aquatic birds are recognized reservoirs of NDVs belonging to the family of Paramyxoviridae and may act as a vehicle for transference to poultry, causing outbreaks of disease. Newcastle disease virus (NDV), has been isolated from a variety of species of domestic, cage birds and wild around the world. In some circumstances infection with the extremely virulent viruses may result in sudden death with few clinical signs. [5, 6]
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