Abstract
Obtaining reliable information on the wetting front depth of soil is beneficial to the understanding of one-dimensional (1D) vertical infiltration under border irrigation. This paper presents an approximate explicit solution to the Green-Ampt (GA) infiltration model for estimating the wetting front depth. Moreover, the model proposed in this study, the GA model, the Ali model, and the Stone model were validated and evaluated using laboratory experimental data and HYDRUS-1D simulation. Statistical comparisons (root mean square error-RMSE, mean absolute percent relative error-MAPRE, and percent bias-PB) of the estimated data with the measured and simulated data were conducted. The models were ranked on the basis of their overall performance index (OPI). The results demonstrated that all four models can be used to estimate the wetting front depth of 1D vertical infiltration for a wide range of soil textures; the proposed model provided the most accurate result. According to comparisons of the estimated values with the measured and simulated values, the maximum RMSE, MAPRE, and PB were 1.74 cm, 6.92%, and −6.74%, respectively, for the proposed model. On the basis of the OPI, the optimal model was the proposed model, followed by the Ali, GA, and Stone models.
Highlights
Border irrigation is one of the main irrigation methods used in China
The objectives of this study were: (1) to propose an approximate explicit solution to the GA model for estimating the wetting front depth of 1D vertical infiltration, and (2) to validate and evaluate the model proposed in this study-in addition to the GA model, the Ali model, and the Stone model-by using laboratory experimental data and HYDRUS-1D simulations
The approximate explicit solution to the GA model proposed in this study can be used to estimate the wetting front depth of 1D vertical infiltration
Summary
Obtaining reliable information on the wetting front depth of soil is beneficial for a comprehensive understanding of the one-dimensional (1D) infiltration process under border irrigation. Directly measuring the wetting front depth of soil in a field under irrigation is difficult. Previous studies have developed several different models to estimate the wetting front depth of soil empirically and physically [1,2]. The empirical models are usually derived on the basis of field or laboratory experimental data [3] or on a simple equation [1,4,5,6] under specific conditions, and so a method that can fully describe the advancement of the wetting front process and that can be used universally is unavailable. The GA model [11] is an analytical solution derived from Darcy0 s equation and is derived indirectly through
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