Applying mixed methods in community-based participatory action research: a framework for engaging stakeholders with research as a means for promoting patient-centredness

Abstract

An increased focus on patient-centred care in response to national efforts of improving the quality of health care calls for effective approaches to engaging patients and other stakeholders with research and its outcomes. Mixed methods research can provide a rigorous methodological foundation for community-based participatory action research (CBPAR) by synergistically combining qualitative stakeholder engagement methods with quantitative outcome-based oriented approaches for developing evidence-based, scientifically sound and patient-centred plans for improvement. CBPAR has long been applied in nursing research as a tool to engage patients and other stakeholders as co-researchers. When combined with mixed methods, CBPAR can assist stakeholders in developing better appreciation for a data-driven decision-making process by capitalising on the advantages of integrating quantitative and qualitative methods. This paper describes a mixed methods methodological framework for CBPAR as a means for promoting patient-centredness and enhancing stakeholder engagement with research outcomes. It follows the action research methodological steps and captures the synergetic combination of the two approaches by integrating mixed methods into each step in the CBPAR process. This framework is one illustration of using mixed methods to facilitate patient-centred research. It can provide a framework for developing stakeholder engagement plans and facilitating the process of translation of generated evidence into nursing practice.