Applying Electrospun Gelatin/Poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) Bilayered Nanofibers to Fabrication of Meniscal Tissue Engineering Scaffold.

Abstract

The menisci are fibrocartilaginous tissues composed primarily of an interlacing network of collagen fibers with nanoscale diameter. Electrospinning is a suitable process of producing nanoscale fibers that mimic collagen fibers. In this study, a bilayered scaffold (group B), which consists of a gelatin nanofiber mesh and a PLGA nanofiber mesh, has been fabricated through an electrospinning method. At the same time, we electrospun pure PLGA fibrous mesh (group A) and gelatin/PLGA composite fibrous mesh (group C) as control groups. In order to compare all scaffold morphologies, the scaffolds were imaged by SEM and some parameters were measured and analyzed as following: Diameters of fibrils are from the smallest of less than average 0.14 μm for group C to the biggest of nearly average 0.38 μm for group B. The scaffolds pore diameters are from average 4.9 μm for group A to average 11.2 μm for group B. Porosity rates show that the group B has the highest porosity rate at about 91%. The scaffolds' properties were compared and analyzed, including hydrophilicity property (water contact angle) and mechanical properties (tensile strength). The results of water contact angle showed the group B is the most hydrophil among the groups. The results of tensile strength showed the tensile strength of group C is the weakest among the groups. All the results showed significant differences between the groups. Finally, in vitro, the meniscal cells derived from New Zealand white rabbits menisci were seeded in the scaffolds. We observed the cells proliferation behavior in the scaffolds. All above demonstrates that a bi-layered gelatin/PLGA scaffold reveals not only concurrent effects of mechanics and cytocompatibility in a fibrous context, but also a promising scaffold for future meniscal repair strategies.