Abstract

Environmental pollution and food safety are becoming serious concerns to human health in developing countries. To combat such issues, researchers have developed different approaches for on-spot detection and screening of infectious disease, caused by pathogens and toxins in food and water samples. One such approach is the development of phage- and phage-component-based sensors that are highly specific, sensitive, rapid, efficient, cheap, and portable analyte screening platforms. Such sensors overcome the limitations of conventional screening approaches. This chapter highlights different food and environmental contaminations and represents the potential of phage-based biosensor for bacterial detection. It summarizes different applications of phage-based sensors in the fields of food safety and environmental monitoring and highlights current challenges and perspective. In general, this chapter brings together the technologies related to phage-based sensors and food and environmental safety, by compiling the efforts of engineers and scientists from multidisciplinary areas.

Highlights

  • Many pathogenic bacteria like Streptococcus, Mycobacterium, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Shigella, etc. are causing different diseases in humans, resulting in several outbreaks and epidemics of diseases worldwide

  • Bacteriophage as a bio-probe has been used in different transduction platforms for detection of pathogenic bacteria, which are briefed as follows: 2.1 Phage optical biosensors

  • Among the electrochemical detection methods, amperometry has been most commonly used for detection of pathogenic bacteria and offered an improved sensitivity platform related to other electrochemical approaches

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Summary

Introduction

Many pathogenic bacteria like Streptococcus, Mycobacterium, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Shigella, etc. are causing different diseases in humans, resulting in several outbreaks and epidemics of diseases worldwide. As a solution to the problem, the development of biosensors especially phage-based biosensors for bacterial detection in clinical, food, and environmental samples has remained a hot topic since the last few decades. Phage-based bio-probes have been used in transducer development for several analytical approaches to offer specific and selective detection. Different analytical approaches relying on phage-based bio-probes have been reported like electrochemical [6], bioluminescence [7], fluorescence [8], mass spectrometry [9], magnetoelastic [4], surface plasmon resonance [10], lateral flow assay [11], etc. We will review biosensor transduction platforms involving phage-based probes for transducer development to detect infectious bacteria in the field of food and environmental safety monitoring [12]. In this chapter we will highlight applications of different phage-based analytical approaches for bacterial detection in clinical, food, and environmental samples

Phage-based biosensors for infectious pathogen detection
Phage-SPR-based sensors
Phage-bioluminescence sensors
Phage-fluorescent sensor
Phage magnetoelastic sensors
Phage-amperometric biosensors
Phage-based biosensors in food safety and environmental monitoring
Food safety
Environmental monitoring
Conclusions and prospects
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