Abstract

Properties of acoustic waves in rocks are de- pendent on porosity, rock composition, over- burden stress, pore fluid pressure, temperature, fluid composition, and texture (pore geometry). Borehole measurements of these properties have developed into a significant technology for evaluation and production of hydrocarbon reser- voirs. Both the transmission and reflection methods are used in well logging to determine acoustic wave propagation properties. Applica- tions of this technology in the petroleum indus- try are described with the following examples: determination of porosity (reservoir capacity), lithology (rock composition) and hydrocarbon content; estimating permeability (producibility); evaluating quality of cement bond between casing and the formation; determination of porosity and lithology in cased holes; predicting abnormal fluid pressures in earth; determining mechanical properties for sand control and fracturing; locating fractures in formations; and inspecting irregularities in casing.

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