Abstract
This paper is a brief review of some of the main ways in which industry is using some vacuum processes which are, by this time, well established. Nonetheless, they are still far from reaching their potential and as application development problems are solved or new industries become aware of the opportunities so their use is widening steadily, perhaps at 20% compound per annum. The processes being discussed are vacuum furnace brazing and heat treatment, vacuum metallizing and electron beam welding. Other vacuum processes are in use in engineering or are coming into use and these include: sintering, sputter coating, induction melting, electron beam melting and ion plating. For the purpose of this paper electronics is excluded, but, as is well known, the electronics industry is very advanced in its application of vacuum processes such as sputtering, evaporation and ion implantation.
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