Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are currently one of the most concerned detection technologies. UCNPs are a new kind of luminescent material based on the anti-Stokes reaction of rare-earth ions. Their advantages lie in the doping of rare-earth ions in the luminescent material, which has a high signal to noise ratio and strong fluorescence intensity, has a long fluorescence lifetime of approximately 100 milliseconds, good bio-compatibility and low toxicity. The emission band is narrow and has high penetration power and there is less damage to the matrix and interface. Nowadays, detection technologies based on UCNPs and interdisciplinary integration have laid a solid foundation for the development of new detection methods and instruments in fields such as bioanalysis, bioengineering, and materials, and have been widely applied in various fields. To this end, this research will explain the basic principle of UCNPs and the influence of lanthanide factors. This research also discussed the practical applications of UCNPs in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), photodynamic therapy (PDT), biomarkers, and immunoassays in biomedical field, and looked forward to future research on UCNPs.
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