Application of the Transfer Matrix Approach to Direct Lightning Studies of Overhead Power Lines With Underbuilt Shield Wires—Part II: Simulation Results

Abstract

This work investigates voltages on overhead distribution lines produced by direct strokes, protected by shield wires, placed both above and below phase conductors. An improved formulation based on transfer matrix method and theory of multiconductor transmission lines with periodic grounding allows to eliminate the need of two characteristic wave impedance matrices. Based on the theoretical formulation developed in the first part of this work, as well as on the models there presented for the pole and grounding systems, we report here a wealth of simulation results concerning the line overvoltages subsequent to a pole being hit by lightning. Results are discussed considering a variety of factors, namely, position of the victim pole, type of load at both ends of the line, presence or absence of underbuilt shield wires, waveform of the lightning current, soil parameters and parameters of the frequency-dependent impedance of the pole grounding system. The good performance of the developed method is assessed by comparing our results with some EMTP-RV simulations. The transfer matrix method is then used to show the effect of shield wires in conjunction with periodic grounding: we assess the effects of terminations, frequency dependent models of the pole footing and grounding systems and frequency dependent models of lossy ground.