Application of the Database of Flavonoid Values for USDA Food Codes 2007–2010 in assessing intake differences between the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study and What We Eat in America (WWEIA), NHANES

Abstract

Flavonoids are polyphenolic plant compounds whose biological activities may promote human health. It is worthwhile to examine whether flavonoid intake varies between populations with differing prevalence of diet-related diseases. This study compared flavonoid intakes in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study with nationally representative estimates from What We Eat in America (WWEIA), NHANES stratified by sex, age (30−49, 50−64 years), and poverty status (income <125 %,>125 % of the 2004 HHS Poverty Guidelines). Flavonoid intakes from both surveys were estimated using the Database of Flavonoid Values for USDA Food Codes 2007–2010. Across all subpopulations analyzed, intake of anthocyanidins was lower in HANDLS (p < 0.01). Intakes of total flavonoids and all or most flavonoid classes were lower in HANDLS for men overall and in both age groups and for both men and women with poverty status <125 %. These findings of lower flavonoid intakes in HANDLS, particularly among men and those with the lowest incomes, suggest that flavonoid intake may be a factor in the high prevalence of diet-related disease in populations represented by HANDLS. This research illustrates how any survey using USDA’s food codes can utilize the Flavonoid Database in comparing flavonoid intakes.