Application of the Coastal Hazard Wheel for Coastal Multi-Hazard Assessment and Management in the Guang-Dong-Hongkong-Macao Greater Bay Area

Qianxin Su,Gaocong Li,Zhiqiang Li,Daoheng Zhu,Pengpeng Hu

doi:10.3390/su132212623

Qianxin Su, Gaocong Li + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212623

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Journal: Sustainability	Publication Date: Nov 15, 2021
Citations: 6	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Guangdong Ocean University

Abstract

The coasts of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) are facing threats and challenges from rising sea levels, frequent extreme events and human intervention. In this study, the Coastal Hazard Wheel (CHW) was used to classify the coasts of GBA, assess its hazard change from 2010 to 2020, identify hazards hotspots and explore available coastal management options. The results show that the coastal types of GBA in 2010 and 2020 are consistent, with delta/low estuary island and hard rock slope as the main types. GBA is vulnerable to ecosystem disruption, saltwater intrusion, gradual inundation and flooding hazards. Compared with 2010, the high risk proportion of each hazard in 2020 decreased significantly, but the high risk of flooding increased slightly. All kinds of hazards are interdependent and influenced by each other. The Pearl River Estuary, the east bank of Yamen Waterway, the west bank of Huangmao Sea and Dapeng Bay show very high hazard vulnerability, and the flooding risk is the highest. Soft measures such as coastal zoning, tsunami warning systems, wetland restoration and hazard simulation are most widely used in coastal management. CHW is applicable to GBA’s coastal hazard vulnerability assessment, which provides a case study for coastal risk assessment of GBA and has certain reference significance for hazard management and sustainable development for the Bay Area.

Highlights

IntroductionWith the global environmental change and the further agglomeration of population and related resources, coastal zones are faced with increasing risks such as storm surge, flood, delta subsidence and geological hazards [1], and the vulnerability of coastal zones is becoming increasingly prominent [2]
After considering elevation and coastal types, geological layout can be divided into sediment plains (PL), delta/low estuary island (DE), flat hard rock (FR), slop soft rock (SR) and sloping hard rock (R), and the geological layout types have changed during 2010–2020
Coastal Hazard Wheel (CHW) is applicable to vulnerability assessments of the Greater Bay Area (GBA)

Summary

Introduction

With the global environmental change and the further agglomeration of population and related resources, coastal zones are faced with increasing risks such as storm surge, flood, delta subsidence and geological hazards [1], and the vulnerability of coastal zones is becoming increasingly prominent [2] It is mainly manifested in coastal erosion, frequent marine hazards and destruction of ecosystem, which will pose a great threat to coastal geology, ecological security and socio-economic development [3,4]. The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) is one of the most open and economically dynamic regions in China It undertakes the important mission of building a world-class Bay Area and urban agglomeration. It is of great significance for smart management and sustainable development of coastal zones to study the vulnerability of coastal zones under

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