Abstract
In this study, laboratory batch experiments were conducted on a chromium (Cr)‐spiked soil to evaluate the effectiveness of synthesized starch‐stabilized iron (Fe0) nanoparticles and compared with Fe0 and Fe3O4 with different particle sizes, and also with decreasing water‐extractable Cr(VI). Comparative studies were carried out at a Cr(VI) concentration of 100 mg kg−1 and a Fe materials dosage of 1.5% w/w. Results indicated that stabilized Fe0 nanoparticles had a greater efficiency (100%) to immobilize Cr(VI). The efficiency of the iron materials that we used for immobilization of Cr(VI) was in the following order: starch‐stabilized Fe0 nanoparticles > non‐stabilized Fe0 nanoparticles > Fe3O4 nanoparticles > Fe0 micro‐particles > Fe3O4 micro‐particles. Several factors affecting the immobilization of Cr(VI) by stabilized Fe0 nanoparticles, including reaction time, initial Cr(VI) concentration in soil, Fe0 nanoparticles dosage and soil‐solution suspension pH, were investigated. The overall rate of the Cr(VI) immobilization process was quick and almost 50% of the immobilization was reached within the first 2 minutes of the reaction. Cr(VI) immobilization percentages decreased from 100 to 54% as the initial Cr(VI) concentration increased from 50 to 1650 mg kg−1. Furthermore, increasing Fe0 nanoparticles dosage from 0.5 to 3% w/w caused a 70% increase in the immobilization efficiency. The results indicated that increasing the soil suspension pH from 5 to 9, in both buffered and unbuffered conditions, did not have any significant effect on the extent of water‐extractable Cr(VI).
Published Version
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