Application of Radical Cation Spin Density Maps toward the Prediction of Photochemical Reactivity between N-Methyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione and Substituted Benzenes

Abstract

Visible light irradiation of N-methyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione in the presence of substituted benzenes is capable of inducing substitution reactions where no reaction takes place thermally. In addition to the formation of 1-arylurazole products resulting from ring substitution, side-chain substitution occurs in some cases where benzylic hydrogens are accessible to form benzylic urazole products. Formation of both types of products is most consistent with the involvement of a common intermediate, a radical ion pair, generated from photoexcitation of an initially formed charge-transfer complex. The charge-transfer complexes have been observed spectroscopically. Additionally, application of a modified Rehm-Weller model suggests that the electron-transfer processes are feasible for all of the substrates examined. In most cases, the spin density maps of the aromatic radical cation intermediates calculated at the DFT UB3LYP/6-31G* level are excellent predictors of the observed product distributions.