Abstract
Viruses are widely used to fabricate nanomaterials in the field of nanotechnology. Plant viruses are of great interest to the nanotechnology field because of their symmetry, polyvalency, homogeneous size distribution, and ability to self-assemble. This homogeneity can be used to obtain the high uniformity of the templated material and its related properties. In this paper, the variety of nanomaterials generated in rod-like and spherical plant viruses is highlighted for the cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV), cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), brome mosaic virus (BMV), and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Their recent studies on developing nanomaterials in a wide range of applications from biomedicine and catalysts to biosensors are reviewed.
Highlights
Bionanoscience is a combination of biology and nanotechnology that is used to develop biomaterials, devices, and methodologies at the nanoscale
It was first reported by Trevor Douglas and Mark Young in 1998 as a constrained reaction vessel for nanomaterials synthesis to template the mineralization of inorganic materials that contain polymer chains [8]
cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) capsids have a diameter of approximately 28 nm and a pseudo-T3 icosahedral symmetry made up of 60 copies of large (L) and small (S) coat proteins and two ss-RNAs contained in the cavity of the capsid protein assembly [11]
Summary
Bionanoscience is a combination of biology and nanotechnology that is used to develop biomaterials, devices, and methodologies at the nanoscale. Nanosystems can be fabricated by micromachining to create ever-smaller features (top-down) and/or to incorporate modified smaller features into the macromaterial (bottom-up) using assembly and/or supramolecular chemistry techniques Biomaterials such as viruses, DNA, proteins, and RNA that exhibit an amazing diversity of highly superior structures are suitable nanostructures for the creation of new material [2,3,4,5]. Viruses have great deal of interest in the field of nanotechnology due to their small size, structural symmetry, ease of functionalization, monodispersity, and ability to self-assemble. Viruses often have wide range of of stabilities stabilities to temperature, temperature, pH, salt, salt,and chemicals, protease viruses often have wide range to pH, chemicals, and protease They differ in terms of structural plasticity assembly and disassembly parameters and electrostatic degradation.They.
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