Abstract
To cope with the increasingly severe challenges of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in the field of the aquatic environment, this paper uses poly-aluminum ferric chloride (PAFC) and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) as coagulants to enhance the removal of ZnO-NPs from water. In two environments (pure-water environment and kaolin environment) that simulate suspended solids, we studied the dosage, pH, precipitation time, and hydraulic power of ZnO-NPs at three different initial concentrations (1, 2, and 30 mg/L). The effects of various conditions on the performance of PAFC, CPAM, and PAFC/CPAM to remove ZnO-NPs were examined. Results showed that the overall removal rate of ZnO-NPs in the kaolin environment was slightly higher than that in the pure-water environment. In contrast the removal rate of ZnO-NPs in the PAFC/CPAM was significantly higher than that of PAFC or CPAM alone. The coagulation removal conditions of ZnO-NPs were optimized using a response-surface model. Under the best conditions, the removal rate of ZnO-NPs with an initial mass concentration of 30 mg/L in the PAFC/CPAM combination in pure-water and kaolin environments was 98.54% and 99.17%, respectively. Finally, by studying the changes in floc size during coagulation, enhanced coagulation was an efficient method of removing ZnO-NPs from water.
Highlights
The use of nanomaterials in industries and daily life increases, so their negative impact and potential harm to the environment is gaining increased attention (Yang et al 2019)
The turbidity of poly-aluminum ferric chloride (PAFC), cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM), and PAFC/CPAM and the removal rate of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) increased with increased coagulant dosage
The removal rate of three concentrations of ZnO-NPs by PAFC/CPAM increased to 83.33%, 92.78%, and 98.54%, respectively
Summary
The use of nanomaterials in industries and daily life increases, so their negative impact and potential harm to the environment is gaining increased attention (Yang et al 2019). Research on the effect of different concentrations of ZnO-NPs on soybeans has shown that ZnO-NPs synthesized from olive extracts in soybean plants may be poisoned by the production of reactive oxygen species (Prasad et al 2020; Shahla et al 2019). These values indicate a sufficient threat to microorganisms and plants in bodies of water
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