Application of Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials in Thermal Ablation Therapy of Cancer.

Zhannat Ashikbayeva,Damir Balmassov,Paola Saccomandi,Vassilis Inglezakis,Emiliano Schena,Daniele Tosi

doi:10.3390/nano9091195

Abstract

Cancer is one of the major health issues with increasing incidence worldwide. In spite of the existing conventional cancer treatment techniques, the cases of cancer diagnosis and death rates are rising year by year. Thus, new approaches are required to advance the traditional ways of cancer therapy. Currently, nanomedicine, employing nanoparticles and nanocomposites, offers great promise and new opportunities to increase the efficacy of cancer treatment in combination with thermal therapy. Nanomaterials can generate and specifically enhance the heating capacity at the tumor region due to optical and magnetic properties. The mentioned unique properties of nanomaterials allow inducing the heat and destroying the cancerous cells. This paper provides an overview of the utilization of nanoparticles and nanomaterials such as magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, nanorods, nanoshells, nanocomposites, carbon nanotubes, and other nanoparticles in the thermal ablation of tumors, demonstrating their advantages over the conventional heating methods.

Highlights

Nowadays, cancer is the most serious health issue leading to the high rates of death worldwide
Jordan et al performed the in vivo thermal therapy of 120 male rats with RG-2 glioma cells at a frequency of 100 kHz and a variable field strength of 0–18 kA/m using Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNP) with two types of coatings—carboxydextran-coated and amino-silane coated—in order to observe the relevance of the surface coating on intratumoral temperature homogeneity
Another study employing PEGylated CuS nanoparticles was conducted by Zhou et al The research utilized the developed PEG-coated single radioactive copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticle platform to enhance the efficacy of photothermal therapy (PTT) in a murine orthotopic model of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC)

Summary

Introduction

Cancer is the most serious health issue leading to the high rates of death worldwide. The experimental set up demonstrated the higher temperature increment at the center of the tumor (73 ◦C) compared to the periphery region (12 ◦C) when applying an alternating current at a frequency of 400 kHz and amplitude of 6.5 kA/m, leading to the conclusion that magnetite nanoparticles mostly concentrated at the tumor center [20] Another in vitro study of breast cancer treatment using MNP was performed by Kettering et al, concentrating on BT-474 cells [51]. Jordan et al performed the in vivo thermal therapy of 120 male rats with RG-2 glioma cells at a frequency of 100 kHz and a variable field strength of 0–18 kA/m using MNPs with two types of coatings—carboxydextran-coated and amino-silane coated—in order to observe the relevance of the surface coating on intratumoral temperature homogeneity.

CuS Nanoparticles

Nanorods

Nanoshells

Findings

Conclusions