Abstract
Ongoing progress in nanotechnologies has led to their implementation for in vivo diagnostic and therapy. Thus, the main applications of inorganic nanoparticles are imaging for diagnosis and cell tracking, photothermal and drug-delivery therapies. Following nanoparticles in vivo administration, the systemic circulation can distribute them to every body organ and tissue. Precise characterization of nanoparticles distribution and accumulation in the different body parts in preclinical models is required before any application in humans. The biodistribution of inorganic nanoparticles has been analysed in different preclinical models, particularly mouse, rat and rabbit. This review covers the in vivo biodistribution of different inorganic nanoparticles in preclinical models: gold nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles, iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots and carbon nanotubes.
Highlights
Ongoing progress in nanotechnologies has led to their implementation for in vivo diagnosis and for imaging, drug delivery and innovative therapies
This review covers the in vivo biodistribution of different inorganic nanoparticles in preclinical models: gold nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles, iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots and carbon nanotubes
Silica nanoparticles 20 - 25 nm in diameter, conjugated with near-infrared fluorophores and rendered radioactive with (124)I, for optical and PET imaging, were used in another study to assess in vivo distribution in nude mice. 75% of the silica nanoparticles accumulated in the liver and spleen, whereas the lung, heart and kidney, accumulated less than 5%
Summary
Ongoing progress in nanotechnologies has led to their implementation for in vivo diagnosis and for imaging, drug delivery and innovative therapies. Different types of nanoparticles have been developed for therapy or imaging. The ideal nanoparticle agent should be 1) resistant to aggregation, 2) not affected by solvent polarity, ionic strength, 3) resistant to reticuloendothelial system (RES) uptake, 4) it should have high sensitivity and selectivity for the cellular target, and 5) have prolonged circulation times in the blood if administered intravenously [6]. After in vivo nanoparticles administration, the systemic circulation can distribute them to all body organs and tissues. Precise characterization of nanoparticles distribution and accumulation in the different body parts in preclinical settings is required before any nanoparticles use, whether for diagnosis, photothermal therapy or drug de-. We will discuss the in vivo biodistribution of a number of inorganic nanoparticles in preclinical models: gold, silica, and iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots and carbon nanotubes
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