Abstract
A complete 22 experimental planning (two factors at two levels) with central point in quintuplicate was used to investigate the influence of the factors: chia and azuki flours on fatty acids composition of gluten-free chocolate cake. Both factors were significant, but chia flour presented greater influence on the results. Increased values of both factors contributed to improve contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids (380.96 g kg-1 of product), mainly n-3 series (70.25 g kg-1 of product), and provided more adequate nutritional indices. The principal component analysis and desirability function indicated the sample with higher level of both factors as the optimal region. This sample showed an increase in contents of alpha-linolenic acid (188.03%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (18.16%) when compared to control formulation. The addition of chia flour can improve nutritional characteristics of food stuffs such as bakery products, especially their lipid composition.
Highlights
Mankind has suffered lots of changes in all fields of life, such as education and job, and it has a deep reflection in eating habits
This study aimed at applying chemometric methods to investigate the influence of the factors: percentages of chia and azuki flour, added in gluten-free chocolate cake for the determination of fatty acid composition and nutritional aspects
Similar results were found for essential fatty acids, as shown below
Summary
Mankind has suffered lots of changes in all fields of life, such as education and job, and it has a deep reflection in eating habits. People search for products that do not need much time to prepare before eating. Most of these foods are made of poor ingredients and they cannot offer essential nutrients for human body. In this context, food industries started developing enriched products using potential ingredients with nutritional properties.[1,2,3]. The bakery products are the most consumed by population due to their practicality and good sensory acceptance. The cakes ready for consumption are considered the preferred products in this category.[4]
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