Abstract
Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and chemometrics model was used for determination of physicochemical properties (pH, redox potential, free acidity, electrical conductivity, moisture, total soluble solids (TSS), ash, and HMF) in honey samples. The reference values of 189 honey samples of different botanical origin were determined using Association Official Analytical Chemists, (AOAC), 1990; Codex Alimentarius, 2001, International Honey Commission, 2002, methods. Multivariate calibration models were built using partial least squares (PLS) for the measurands studied. The developed models were validated using cross-validation and external validation; several statistical parameters were obtained to determine the robustness of the calibration models: (PCs) optimum number of components principal, (SECV) standard error of cross-validation, (R 2 cal) coefficient of determination of cross-validation, (SEP) standard error of validation, and (R 2 val) coefficient of determination for external validation and coefficient of variation (CV). The prediction accuracy for pH, redox potential, electrical conductivity, moisture, TSS, and ash was good, while for free acidity and HMF it was poor. The results demonstrate that attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry is a valuable, rapid, and nondestructive tool for the quantification of physicochemical properties of honey.
Highlights
IntroductionSweet, and syrupy fluid collected by bees from the nectar of flowers
Honey is a natural, sweet, and syrupy fluid collected by bees from the nectar of flowers
For the honey production season in which the samples honey were collected, the principal blooms were producing nectar that was identified by Mayan beekeepers: Tajonal (Viguiera dentata), Tsitsilche (Gymnopodium antigonoides), Ja’abin (Piscidia piscipula L.), Tzalam (Lysiloma bahamensis), Pukte (Bucida buceras), Xa’an, huano (Sabal yapa), Kibix ak’ (Dalbergia glabra (Mill.) Standl), Juluup (Bravaisia berlandieriana), Xtabentum (Turbina corymbosa), K’aniste’ (Pouteria campechiana), Tinto o Palo Tinto (Haematoxylum campechianum L.), Cascarillo (Cinnamomum porphyrium), Cheechem (Metopium brownei), Gusanillo (Acalypha arvensis Poepp. & Endl), Machiche (Lonchocarpus castilloi), Mangle Negro (Avicennia germinans), Bojom (Cordia alliodora), Tzuk-tzuc (Diphysa yucatanensis), and Chakaj (Bursera simaruba)
Summary
Sweet, and syrupy fluid collected by bees from the nectar of flowers. Mexico has a great geographical and botanical diversity; for this reason there are many types of blooms that produce different types of honey with a multitude of tastes, Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry colors, and aromas, which are in demand in the European and American markets. The Reserves Biosphere Petenes is located in the north and the Reserve of Calakmul is located in the southeast of the state. In this botanical diversity that exists in the state of Campeche and the Yucatan peninsula, more than 900 species of flowers producing blooms honey and about 250 species producing pollen have been identified, which contributes to the existence of a great diversity of types of honey in the state of Campeche [3,4,5]
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