Abstract
ABSTRACT Soil microorganisms directly participate in phosphorus (P) cycle, which in turn affects crop yield and quality. However, how biological and chemical parameters respond to mineral P fertilizer application rates in rhizosphere soil remains unclear. Here, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different mineral P fertilizer application rates (0, 60, 120, and 300 kg P2O5 ha−1) on soil chemical properties and bacterial community in maize rhizosphere in a Mollisol. With increasing P fertilizer rates, soil organic carbon concentration decreased, while soil Olsen P and inorganic P and organic P (Po) fractions concentrations increased. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the relative abundances of some beneficial bacteria (Anaerolinea, Anaeromyxobacter, Kaistia and Rhodobacter) significantly increased with reduced P fertilizer rates, and meanwhile those of other beneficial bacteria (Mesorhizobium, Microvirga, Rhizobacter and Skermanella) significantly decreased under high P fertilizer rates. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that labile Po was the main driver of the differences in bacterial community structure. Bacterial community diversity and composition significantly and indirectly affected maize yield via octacalcium-bound P, occluded Fe/Al-bound P, labile Po, and moderately labile Po. The results suggested that reducing P fertilizer rates can promote beneficial bacterial growth and increase bacterial community diversity.
Highlights
Values followed by different lowercase letters within the same column are significantly different at P < 0.05 determined by least significant difference (LSD)
Olsen PLPo: labile organic phosphorus; Fe-P, iron bound phosphorus; Ca2-P, dicalcium bound phosphorus; O-P, occluded iron/aluminum bound phosphorus; MLPo: moderately labile organic phosphorus; SOC, soil organic carbon; Ca8-P, octacalcium bound phosphorus; Ca10-P: phosphorite bound phosphorus; HRPo: highly resistant organic phosphorus
Summary
6.51±0.39a 20.1±0.49a 31.9±0.27d 17.1±3.18c 8.24±1.27b 24.6±3.49b 52.9±5.04a 48.3±3.48b 69.1±4.22c 14.2±1.97b 46.0±6.09b 8.20±4.80c 15.5±3.31a. Values followed by different lowercase letters within the same column are significantly different at P < 0.05 determined by least significant difference (LSD). SOC, soil organic carbon; Ca2-P, dicalcium bound phosphorus; Ca8-P, octacalcium bound phosphorus; Al-P, aluminum bound phosphorus; Fe-P, iron bound phosphorus; O-P, occluded iron/aluminum bound phosphorus; Ca10-P: phosphorite bound phosphorus; LPo: labile organic phosphorus; MLPo: moderately labile organic phosphorus; MRPo: moderately resistant organic phosphorus; HRPo: highly resistant organic phosphorus. P0, P60, P120, and P300 represent 0, 60, 120, and 300 kg P2O5 ha−1 of phosphorus fertilizer application rates, respectively
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