Application of microcosms models for ecologically based selection of biofuel crops

Abstract

One of the possible ways to solve the problem of shortage and rise in price of energy resources can be the development of the biofuel industry in Ukraine, the basis of which is the scientifically reasoned selection of plants (resistant to regional pollutants), taking into account the specifics of the regions. The article summarizes scientific data on the peculiarities of germination of some energy crops, considers the possibility of using microcosms for the reasoned selection of biofuel crops. The study was carried out in microcosmic models, seed germination and biometric parameters of seedlings Brassica napus L. and Zea mays L. were studied. Based on the application of the method of microcosmic models, the resistance of B. napus to lead acetate and sensitivity to the fungicide «Raxil ultra» were proven. To protect rapeseed from pests, systemic preparations with the active ingredients dimethoate, gamma-cyhalothrin, alphacypermethrin, thiamethoxam, fludioxanil, metalaxyl, imidocloprid, etc., are used. The insecticide is used for seed treatment before sowing (in combination with a fungicide), as well as for the treatment of crops when the economic threshold of harmfulness is reached. It was found that pre-sowing treatment of rapeseed should be carried out with lower concentrations of fungicide compared to Z. mays seeds. It was found that the Galitsky variety is characterized by the highest laboratory germination of seeds and the best morpho-physiological parameters of seedlings. It was found that the fungicide «Raksil ultra» in high concentration inhibits seed germination (at the late stages of germination), stem growth, cheese and dry biomass of corn seedlings, at a low concentration an increase in the dry weight of the aerial part was detected. Laboratory germination of rapeseed was inhibited at all stages of germination. None of the studied concentrations of the fungicide affect the raw and dry biomass of rapeseed seedlings, all the studied concentrations of the fungicide inhibit the root growth of rapeseed seedlings, and the largest inhibit the growth of the stem.