Abstract
The extraction of oil from Balanites seed (desert date) using ultrasound-assisted extraction was investigated using organic solvent (ethyl acetate) and ionic liquid as co-solvent. The study found that an optimum oil yield of 28.67 % was obtained using a seed to solvent ratio of 1:6, an extraction temperature of 50 °C and an extraction time of 30 min when ethyl acetate was used as the sole solvent in the extraction system. Different types of ionic liquids as co-solvents were screened in this study and an improvement of oil yield (3–6 %) was observed using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate. Additionally, the presence of ionic liquid as a co-solvent during the extraction process could achieve a similar oil yield at a lower extraction temperature. This indicates the potential breakdown of the lignocellulosic cell wall of the seed using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate. The presence of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate as co-solvent can enhance the penetration of the organic solvent into the Balanites seed matrix for oil extraction and can reduce the energy required for the extraction process.
Published Version
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