Abstract
Fluorine is an important element and its quantification in various environmental samples is necessary for assessing its impact on human health. An in situ current normalized Particle Induced Gamma-ray Emission (PIGE) method was applied for total fluorine concentration determination to study the vertical variation in the sediment samples collected from two different geographic regions of India. One of the selected sites viz., alluvium formations of Punjab is fluoride affected while the other viz., sedimentary formations of Puducherry is not fluoride affected. Samples and standards along with Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) were irradiated using 4 MeV proton beam generated from Folded Tandem Ion Accelerator (FOTIA), Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC). For concentration calculation, γ-rays at 197 keV from 19F and 478 keV from 7Li (in situ current normalizer) were used. Results indicated that the fluorine concentrations were in the range of 93–776 mg kg−1 in Punjab and 93–443 mg kg−1 in Puducherry. The obtained results were correlated with the dissolved F− concentrations in groundwater from corresponding regions. The inferences from this study prove that the groundwater chemistry plays a vital role in F− leaching from sediments over the mere presence of fluorine minerals in the lithology.
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