Abstract
In a radial distribution network integrated with distributed generation (DG), frequency and voltage instability could occur due to grid disconnection, which would result in an islanded network. This paper proposes an optimal load shedding scheme to balance the electricity demand and the generated power of DGs. The integration of the Firefly Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization (FAPSO) is proposed for the application of the planned load shedding and under frequency load shedding (UFLS) scheme. In planning mode, the hybrid optimization maximizes the amount of load remaining and improves the voltage profile of load buses within allowable limits. Moreover, the hybrid optimization can be used in UFLS scheme to identify the optimal combination of loads that need to be shed from a network in operation mode. In order to assess the capabilities of the hybrid optimization, the IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system and part of the Malaysian distribution network with different types of DGs were used. The response of the proposed optimization method in planning and operation were compared with other optimization techniques. The simulation results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid optimization in planning mode and demonstrated that the proposed UFLS scheme is quick enough to restore the system frequency without overshooting in less execution time.
Highlights
A large number of distributed generation (DG) has been installed in power system networks around the world
The proposed algorithm is suitable for load shedding schemes and under frequency load shedding (UFLS) schemes, because it utilizes the advantages of both the Firefly algorithm (FA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
The planning load shedding scheme based on FAPSO has been evaluated by solving a FA and PSO algorithms
Summary
A large number of distributed generation (DG) has been installed in power system networks around the world. 18% of Europe’s electricity is based on DGs sources, such as wind power and hydro [1]. Malaysia is seeking to raise its renewable energy usage from 6% to. 11% in the period between 2011–2020 [2]. The benefits of integration of DG include improved load balance, voltage profile, energy efficiency and reliability. The concept of microgrid allows for the integration of more DGs, such as wind turbines, solar. PV systems, fuel cells, and microgas turbines, storage devices such as flywheels, supercapacitors, and batteries in existing distribution networks. The microgrids can feed the local loads which include both critical and noncritical loads.
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