Abstract
Effect of high-frequency ultrasonication was examined on wastewater of a cheese manufacturing plant. Tests were carried out at two frequencies (500kHz and 1MHz) and two temperatures (22 and 40°C). Samples were subjected to different energy densities; 7.5, 30.2, 60.5 and 121.0J/mL at 500kHz and 7.9, 31.7, 63.4 and 126.8J/mL at 1MHz to observe the creaming and recovery of lipid. These energy densities correspond to 30, 120, 240 and 480s of sonication. Sonication was performed using a single plate transducer and reflector system at 40W to create standing wave to coalesce and flocculate lipid globules. Recovery was higher at 40°C after 480s of sonication at both frequencies (77% at 500kHz and 75% at 1MHz). The lowest recovery of 47% was observed at 500kHz and 22°C at all applied energy densities. Changes in particle size and turbidity in the bottom aliquot indicated that high-frequency ultrasound caused coagulation and aggregation and settling of colloidal particles. Increase in particle size was observed to be highest at 1MHz, 40°C and 480s of sonication. These results confirm that high-frequency ultrasound standing wave technology can be used to recover lipid from high-lipid dairy wastewater including that from cheese manufacturing.
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