Abstract
Nitrite and nitrate are widely found in various water environments but the potential toxicity of nitrite and nitrate poses a great threat to human health. Recently, many methods have been developed to detect nitrate and nitrite in water. One of them is to use graphene-based materials. Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon nano-material with sp2 hybrid orbital, which has a large surface area and excellent conductivity and electron transfer ability. It is widely used for modifying electrodes for electrochemical sensors. Graphene based electrochemical sensors have the advantages of being low cost, effective and efficient for nitrite and nitrate detection. This paper reviews the application of graphene-based nanomaterials for electrochemical detection of nitrate and nitrite in water. The properties and advantages of the electrodes were modified by graphene, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite in the development of nitrite sensors are discussed in detail. Based on the review, the paper summarizes the working conditions and performance of different sensors, including working potential, pH, detection range, detection limit, sensitivity, reproducibility, repeatability and long-term stability. Furthermore, the challenges and suggestions for future research on the application of graphene-based nanocomposite electrochemical sensors for nitrite detection are also highlighted.
Highlights
Nitrogen is one of the main factors causing eutrophication in water [1,2]; it can be divided into organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen
Nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are the forms of inorganic nitrogen, which are widely found in water [3]
The the oxygen-containing oxygen-containing functional functional groups groups application in graphene oxide (GO) are very beneficial to chemical modification or functionalization, composite materials materials are in functionalization, so composite often synthesized with other materials for electrochemical sensing
Summary
Nitrogen is one of the main factors causing eutrophication in water [1,2]; it can be divided into organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen. Nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are the forms of inorganic nitrogen, which are widely found in water [3]. Using a suitable catalyst modified electrode canincrease not onlythe increase the current current for nitrite nitrate and expand the detection range range and reduce the detection limit.limit. This paper reviews the application of graphene-based materials in electrochemical detection. This paper reviews the application of graphene-based materials in electrochemical detection of of nitrate and nitrite in water. It analyzes the principle and performance of detecting nitrate and nitrate and nitrite in water. The aim is to provide a systematic and comprehensive review of graphene-based nanomaterials electrochemical sensors for detecting nitrate and nitrite in water and to provide useful reference for future research
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