Abstract
A fractional order PID (FOPID) control technique for automatic generation control (AGC) in a multi-area power system is presented in this study. To create a reliable controller, a variety of control strategies were used. The load frequency control (LFC) problem in a power system implementing different power transactions, such as bilateral and Poolco transactions, are investigated here. Because any control scheme’s performance is only as good as its parameters, the parameters of the designed control scheme were determined using the big bang big crunch (BBBC) algorithm. Furthermore, in this work, the effect of a superconductive magnetic energy storage (SMES) unit is addressed in the given test (two and four area) systems. When confronted with a fluctuation in immediate load, the SMES unit is thought to follow the initial drop in frequency and tie-line power in order to increase LFC. It is evident that the performance of an FOPID control scheme is improved in the presence of an SMES unit and it provides frequency, tie-line power, change in generation with reduced oscillations and settling time.
Highlights
Load frequency control (LFC) is a mechanism that divides the load between generators and maintains a generally consistent frequency in an electric power system
From the results obtained for two area and four area power systems, it is evident that the performance of an fractional order PID (FOPID) control scheme is improved in the presence of an superconductive magnetic energy storage (SMES)
Two area and four area power systems incorporating bilateral and Poolco transactions are employed to simulate different cases to check the performance of the designed control scheme
Summary
Load frequency control (LFC) is a mechanism that divides the load between generators and maintains a generally consistent frequency in an electric power system. An FOPID control scheme is termed as an extension of PID and is used in a variety of fields such as design [7], stabilization [8]. Two and four area power systems were chosen as test systems to assess the performance of the designed control scheme. The designed control scheme was evaluated in terms of settling time, oscillations and other time-domain responses using a range of load disturbances and both (Poolco plus bilateral) power transactions. Novelty: The use of FOPID-SMES control scheme for load frequency control of two and four-area power systems is provided in this paper. The performance and effectiveness of the designed control scheme are checked under different disturbance scenarios, with and without an SMES device. In all cases, FOPID with SMES performs better, in terms of settling time and oscillation.
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