Abstract
This study performed non-destructive measurements of phenolic compounds in moringa powder using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy within a spectral range of 3500–700 cm−1. Three major phenolic compounds, namely, kaempferol, benzoic acid, and rutin, were measured in five different varieties of moringa powder, which was approved with respect to the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The prediction performance of three different regression methods, i.e., partial least squares regression (PLSR), principal component regression (PCR), and net analyte signal (NAS)-based methodology, called hybrid linear analysis (HLA/GO), were compared to achieve the best prediction model. The obtained results for the PLS regression method resulted in better performance for the prediction analysis of phenolic compounds in moringa powder. The PLSR model attained a correlation coefficient (Rp2) value of 0.997 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.035 mg/g, respectively, which is comparatively higher than the other two regression models. Based on the results, it can be concluded that FT-IR spectroscopy in conjugation with a suitable regression analysis method could be an effective analytical tool for the non-destructive prediction of phenolic compounds in moringa powder.
Highlights
Moringa, a plant belonging to a family of Moringaceae, is a commonly cultivated crop in India, Africa, Indonesia, the Philippines, and various parts of the world
The original Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectra consist of several overlapping peaks and noise generated by the instrument during spectral acquisition and, cannot provide meaningful information, which is sensitive to the phenolic compounds present in the measured samples
FT-IR spectroscopy was investigated for the non-destructive evaluation of three significant phenolic compounds, namely kaempferol, benzoic acid, and rutin, in moringa powder samples, measured in five different varieties of moringa powder, which was further validated with the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method
Summary
A plant belonging to a family of Moringaceae, is a commonly cultivated crop in India, Africa, Indonesia, the Philippines, and various parts of the world. The plant consists of 13 species from tropical and subtropical regions, out of which Moringa Oleifera (MO) is the most cultivated one [1]. It has been consumed as a local food and in the form of medicines and has several industrial applications [2,3]. Various studies in the past have demonstrated the advantageous effects of moringa oleifera in humans [5]. Moringa oleifera is a great source of bioactive chemical compounds, and it provides several important benefits, as mentioned in previous literature [6,7]. The moringa leaves that are widely consumed are rich with vitamins, carotenoids, polyphenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, isothiocyanates, tannins, and saponins; they have various pharmacological properties [8]
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