Application of early exercise safety management in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit

Abstract

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of early exercise safety management in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit (ICU). A prospective historical control observation was conducted. Forty-five patients with severe respiratory failure undergoing mechanical ventilation admitted to the ICU of Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from April to June in 2019 were enrolled in the observation group and implemented early exercise safety management, including establishing multidisciplinary safety management team with ICU doctors, ICU nurses, respiratory therapists, rehabilitation therapists, dietitians and psychological consultants to jointly develop early exercise plan; equipping with sports and safety protection equipment; assessing the early exercise risks, formulating early exercise prescriptions; formulating the nutritional and psychological prescriptions; carrying out the propaganda and education in the early exercise process of patients and communicating with patients timely; strengthening team training. Other 45 patients with severe respiratory failure admitted for mechanical ventilation from January to March in 2019 were enrolled in the control group, whose gender, age and artificial airway conditions were matched with those in the observation group. Routine mechanical ventilation nursing was performed, including condition monitoring, medication nursing, environmental management and routine examination assistance. The improvement of depression, anxiety, comfort, lung function, and quality of life before and after nursing intervention were observed, and the occurrence of complications was recorded. There was no significant difference in gender, age or artificial airway conditions between the two groups. Before nursing intervention, there was no significant difference in depression, anxiety, comfort, lung function and quality of life between the two groups. After the intervention of different nursing programs, the above conditions of the two groups were significantly improved, and the improvement was more significant in the observation group, which showed that the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD) score and forced vital capacity (FVC) of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group [HAD score: 10.80±2.54 vs. 17.51±3.66, FVC (L): 1.81±0.42 vs. 2.23±0.39, both P < 0.01], while the general comfort questionnaire (GCQ) score, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, FEV1 percentage of predicted (FEV1%) and each dimension score of 36-item short form health survey (SF-36) scale were significantly higher than those of the control group [GCQ score: 110.87±5.33 vs. 96.93±3.02, FEV1 (L): 1.99±0.37 vs. 1.71±0.15, FEV1/FVC ratio: 0.88±0.04 vs. 0.84±0.03, FEV1%: (88.98±8.57)% vs. (80.41±4.45)%, mental function score: 49.74±9.88 vs. 40.17±8.95, physical function score: 27.65±9.46 vs. 20.32±9.53, social relationship score: 62.14±6.33 vs. 50.28±8.76, general health score: 38.61±8.48 vs. 30.63±8.93, all P < 0.01]. The overall incidence of complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (24.44% vs. 57.78%, P < 0.01). Early exercise safety management scheme for patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in ICU can improve clinical efficacy and reduce complications. At the same time, it can further standardize the behaviors of medical staff and ensure the early exercise.