Abstract
The study was aimed at exploring the use of cow dung (CD) and sawdust (SD) as bio stimulants for enhanced ex-situ bioremediation of diesel fuel contaminated soil. Results of the microbial populations in a gram of soil showed that diesel polluted soil amended with CD had the highest total culturable heterotrophic bacterial (TCHB) population range (1.42 x 106 - 1.56 x 107Cfu/g), total fungal (TF) (1.0 x 106 – 1.60x107Cfu/g), hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria (HUB) (4.5 x 106 – 2.05 x 107Cfu/g) and hydrocarbon utilizing fungi (HUF) (3.5 x 106 – 1.3 x 107Cfu/g) respectively during the study. Diesel polluted soil amended with SD had lower TCHB populations (1.32 x 106 – 2.0 x 107Cfu/g), TF (6.0 x 106 – 3.6 x 107 Cfu/g), HUB (5.4 x 106 – 1.28 x 107Cfu/g) and HUF (1.2 x 106 – 2.0 x 106Cfu/g) respectively, while the microbial populations in option C (control) were TCHB (1.14 x 106 – 1.18 x 107Cfu/g), TF (1.7 x 106 – 7.0 x 106Cfu/g), HUB (4.2 x 106 – 7.8 x 106Cfu/g) and HUF (1.1 x 106 – 5.0 x 107Cfu/g) respectively. Changes in pH values showed reductions in CD (7.10 – 6.20) and SD (5.78 – 4.88) amended soils. Percentage losses in TPH from chromatography results showed diesel polluted soil amended with CD (61.30%), SD (41%) and control (4.11%) respectively. Characterization and identification tests of bacterial isolates revealed that a microbial consortium comprising of the following HUB genera; Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Alcaligenes, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Corynebacterium and Escherichia coli was implicated in the biodegradation process. Similarly, the HUF encountered were Fusarium, Aspergillus, Microsporium, Penicilium and Mucor. The results suggest that the application of cow dung as biostimulant will enhance the bioremediation of diesel contaminated soil than the application of sawdust.Keywords: Cowdung, Sawdust, Bioremediation, Biostimulation
Highlights
MATERIALS AND METHODSSample Collection: The diesel sample used in the study was obtained from Oando PLC/Unipetrol Nigeria PLC, Petrol Filling station Headquarter located in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
2018) The present study was aimed at the application of cowdung and sawdust as nutrient supplements in enhancing the bioremediation of diesel contaminated agricultural soil
The result indicates that the diesel polluted soil stimulated with cow dung (CD) had the highest total culturable heterotrophic bacterial (TCHB) populations than the unpolluted and polluted soil stimulated with SD samples, while polluted soil stimulated with SD had the highest total fungal (TF) count
Summary
Sample Collection: The diesel sample used in the study was obtained from Oando PLC/Unipetrol Nigeria PLC, Petrol Filling station Headquarter located in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Enumeration of Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacterial (HUB) and Hydrocarbon Utilizing Fungal (HUB) counts: For HUB population, appropriate dilutions (10-4-10-5) of soil suspension (1g of soil homogenized in 0.85% of normal saline) was plated out in triplicates on Bushnell-Haas agar (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) plates modified with 10% NaCl. Hydrocarbon was supplied through the vapour phase transfer technique by placing sterile Whatman No. filter paper saturated with 5ml Bonny light crude oil in the inside lid of each plate kept in an inverted position and incubated at 37OC for 48h (Amanchukwu et al, 1989). Determination of Physicochemical parameters: Physicochemical parameters of polluted and unpolluted soil samples analyzed included pH, total organic nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH).
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