Application of bone morphogenetic protein 2 derived peptide loaded onto nano hydroxyapatite for periodontal bone regeneration

Abstract

To explore the feasibility of utilizing a nano drug delivery system for the promotion of periodontal bone regeneration, we constructed a hydroxyapatite-bone morphogenetic protein-2 (HA-BMP-2) nanocomposite. Through characterization by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the synthesized nanocomposite was confirmed to be HA, and nano HA (nHA) could prolong the half-life of BMP-2 by 10 times. In the cell test, we found that compared with nHA, nHA-BMP-2 improved the activity and migration of human periodontal ligament stem cells (HPLSCs) to promote the reconstruction of bone defects. Moreover, nHA-BMP-2 could improve the mineralization of HPLSCs, including increased levels of alkaline phosphatase, collagen I, and osteocalcin, thus enhancing osteogenesis. In the animal experiments, nHA-BPM-2 was further confirmed to effectively improve the area of new bone formation, bone density, bone volume percentage, and trabecular number in periodontal bone defect areas and reduce the repair time. Therefore, nHA-BMP-2 shows great potential for periodontal bone regeneration.