Abstract
Background/Aim: Prevention of inflammation and alveolar bone atrophy is very important in oral surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the use of two osteoplastic bio-resorbable membranes in order to prevent inflammatory complications and atrophy of the alveolar part of the mandible after surgical interventions. Material and Methods: We examined 86 patients 45-70 years old who were classified into four groups. In group 1, there were 21 patients who had a "bio-resorbable membrane type 1 implanted. The group 2 consisted of 23 persons treated with bio-resorbable membrane type 2. Only the occurrence of inflammatory complications after the placement of these membranes was monitored. Group 3 included 20 persons treated with membrane type 1 and group 4 included 22 patients treated with membrane type 2 to prevent both inflammatory complications and atrophy of the alveolar part of the mandible. The level of atrophy of the alveolar bone after one year was determined by cone-beam computed tomography. The obtained data were statistically evaluated. Results: Six inflammatory complications ("dry socket") have been identified in operated patients treated with a membrane type 1 (the first and the third groups). Only two "dry socket" occurred in patients treated with membrane type 2 (the second and fourth groups). Group 4 had significant advantages in the alveolar crest height 14.6 (11.2-22.3) and in its width 7.7 (5.1-10.2) both in relation to the indices of group 3 (11.1 (9.7-20.4) and 6.2 (4.2-9.0). Conclusions: The bio-resorbable membrane type 2 prevented inflammatory complications in the short postoperative period after surgical interventions, as well as, the atrophy of the mandible.
Highlights
At the present time, the most common surgical interventions on the lower jaw are: tooth extraction; resection of the tooth root apex with subsequent curettage of periapical lesion; dental and atypical, complex removal of the third molar[1,2,3]
It can be concluded that the largest number of operated patients (62) were diagnosed with “Posterior mandibular teeth with periapical lesions”, followed by 13 patients with the diagnosis “Impacted lower third molars” and 11 patients with the diagnosis “Radicular cyst in the anterior mandible”
Of the 41 operated patients treated with bioresorbable membrane type 1, six (14.63%) inflammatory complications (“dry socket”) were observed; two complications occurred after extraction of impacted lower third molars, and four complications after difficult extractions of lower molars with curettage of periapical lesion (Figure 2)
Summary
The most common surgical interventions on the lower jaw are: tooth extraction; resection of the tooth root apex with subsequent curettage of periapical lesion; dental and atypical, complex removal of the third molar[1,2,3]. The use of the modern designs of dental implants with impeccable surgical technique, does not guarantee the absence of complications[5,6], including inflammation[7], with 9 - 35% of frequency according to the modern literature[8]. It should be emphasized that a sufficiently large proportion of these complications are developing in the early postoperative period[10]. This is the subject for further research projects, developmental skills and the new improving methods of prevention
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