Abstract
BackgroundTargeted delivery of virus-associated antigens to professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is considered as an efficient strategy to enhance the pyrophytic effect of vaccines against rhabdovirus disease.Materials and methodsIn this study, we constructed a targeted carbon nanotubes-based vaccine deliver system (SWCNTs-MG) which can recognize the signature receptor (mannose) of APCs. An environmentally and economically important disease called spring viremia of carp (SVC) was studied as a model to evaluate the feasibility of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) conjugated with mannosylated antigen for rhabdovirus prevention.ResultsResults showed that SWCNTs-MG could cross into fish body and present to internal immune-related tissues through gill, muscle and intestine within 6 h immersed vaccination. With further modification of mannose moiety, the obtained nanovaccine showed enhanced uptake by carp macrophages and immune-related tissues, which would then trigger strong immune responses against spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection. Moreover, the survival rate of fish vaccinated with SWCNTs-MG (30 mg/L) was 63.5% after SVCV infection, whereas it was 0% for the control group.ConclusionThis study not only provide a theoretical basis and research template for the application of targeted nanovaccine system in aquatic animals, but also play an important role in supporting development of healthy aquaculture and ensuring the safety of aquatic products and ecology.
Highlights
Rhabdoviridae-related viruses are a kind of viruses with negative sense single strained RNA and a variety of hosts [1, 2]
As revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the constructed nanovaccine is a tubular structure with its surface conjugated with mannosylated antigen proteins (Fig. 1b, c)
The higher content of nanovaccine in these two immune organs reflecte the targeted delivery capacity of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)-mannosylated G protein (MG) nanovaccine, which showed that SWCNTs-MG could cross into fish body and present to internal immune-related tissues through gill, muscle and intestine within 6 h immersed vaccination
Summary
Rhabdoviridae-related viruses are a kind of viruses with negative sense single strained RNA and a variety of hosts [1, 2]. An effective nanovaccine delivery system is commonly composed of the antigens, delivery carrier, and adjuvant [11, 12]. SWCNTs are uniquely equipped to deliver cargos (such as antigens and drugs) across biological membranes [17], their use for vaccination could allow effective utilization of antigens that have previously not been able to induce adequate or appropriate responses, as well as providing significant means of enhancing and modulating immune response [18]. As the efficient adjuvant and the targeted ligands which can recognize the signature receptor (mannose) on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages and dendritic cells, mannose has been widely used for the construction of targeted nanovaccine [20, 21]. Targeted delivery of virus-associated antigens to professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is consid‐ ered as an efficient strategy to enhance the pyrophytic effect of vaccines against rhabdovirus disease
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