Abstract
Hemorrhage, as a common trauma injury and clinical postoperative complication, may cause serious damage to the body, especially for patients with huge blood loss and coagulation dysfunction. Timely and effective hemostasis and avoidance of bleeding are of great significance for reducing body damage and improving the survival rate and quality of life of patients. Alginate is considered to be an excellent hemostatic polymer-based biomaterial due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, non-immunogenicity, easy gelation and easy availability. In recent years, alginate hydrogels have been more and more widely used in the medical field, and a series of hemostatic related products have been developed such as medical dressings, hemostatic needles, transcatheter interventional embolization preparations, microneedles, injectable hydrogels, and hemostatic powders. The development and application prospects are extremely broad. This manuscript reviews the structure, properties and history of alginate, as well as the research progress of alginate hydrogels in clinical applications related to hemostasis. This review also discusses the current limitations and possible future development prospects of alginate hydrogels in hemostatic applications.
Highlights
Compared against commercially available alginate wound dressings (Dimora, marketed by Winner Medical Co., Ltd.), the dressing made of alginate-hyaluronic acid (AHA) fibers had better liquid absorption capacity and cell adhesion, indicating an overall better performance of the fibers produced by dope mixing
The Alginate-Based Composites obtained by Huang et al combined the characteristics of sodium alginate (SA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) resulting in a better hemostatic effect than single-component SA or CMC, and good bioadhesive and degradable properties [136]
Simple instillation is a common method for producing alginate hydrogel beads, which can prepare gel particles encapsulated with various components and be developed as hemostatic powders [137,138]
Summary
In order to reduce the damage caused by hemorrhage or avoid the occurrence of bleeding, to reduce the use of blood products and improve the survival rate and the quality of life of patients, techniques such as compression or pressing, thermoelectric cauterization, surgical ligation or suture, tourniquet, intravenous administration, and application of topical hemostatic agents have been used to control hemorrhage. Cyanoacrylate (CA), porous zeolites, clay minerals, chitosan (CS) and alginate (AG), etc They can all have a sterling hemostatic effect, they have some shortcomings. Biocompatibility, non-immunogenicity, high water absorption and the property of forming hydrogels [22,23] This manuscript will briefly introduce alginate hydrogels, and comprehensively review the research and application progress of alginate hydrogels in medical hemostasis. It considers the existing challenges, and hopes to contribute to the research on new hemostatic materials of alginate
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