Abstract
A hybrid artificial intelligence model and optimization algorithm could be a powerful approach for modeling and optimizing plant tissue culture procedures. The aim of this study was introducing an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System- Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (ANFIS-NSGAII) as a powerful computational methodology for somatic embryogenesis of chrysanthemum, as a case study. ANFIS was used for modeling three outputs including callogenesis frequency (CF), embryogenesis frequency (EF), and the number of somatic embryo (NSE) based on different variables including 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), sucrose, glucose, fructose, and light quality. Subsequently, models were linked to NSGAII for optimizing the process, and the importance of each input was evaluated by sensitivity analysis. Results showed that all of the R2 of training and testing sets were over 92%, indicating the efficiency and accuracy of ANFIS on the modeling of the embryogenesis. Also, according to ANFIS-NSGAII, optimal EF (99.1%), and NSE (13.1) can be obtained from a medium containing 1.53 mg/L 2,4-D, 1.67 mg/L BAP, 13.74 g/L sucrose, 57.20 g/L glucose, and 0.39 g/L fructose under red light. The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that embryogenesis was more sensitive to 2,4-D, and less sensitive to fructose. Generally, the hybrid ANFIS-NSGAII can be recognized as a powerful computational tool for modeling and optimizing in plant tissue culture.
Highlights
Chrysanthemum is one of the most important ornamental plants that have high commercial potential due to its diverse floral colors that can be used as cut flowers or pot plants
The successfulness of the somatic embryogenesis on chrysanthemum has been published in several publications (May and Trigiano, 1991; Pavingerová et al, 1994; Tanaka et al, 2000; da Silva, 2003; Shinoyama et al, 2004; Mandal and Datta, 2005; Xu et al, 2012; Naing et al, 2013), there is a lack of effort on increasing the capacity of somatic embryogenesis and the number of somatic embryos per explant
While many studies have focused on the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and sucrose concentrations in somatic embryogenesis of chrysanthemum, there is a lack of such comprehensive studies on the influence of carbohydrate sources, PGRs, and light quality
Summary
Chrysanthemum is one of the most important ornamental plants that have high commercial potential due to its diverse floral colors that can be used as cut flowers or pot plants (da Silva and Kulus, 2014). Tanaka et al (2000) studied the effect of various concentrations of PGRs on embryogenesis of ray florets of chrysanthemum and reported 58% of somatic embryogenesis that was obtained from MS medium supplemented with 57.08 μM Indole-3acetic acid (IAA) and 0.46 μM kinetin. Xu et al (2012) described the effects of different concentrations of BAP and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on indirect somatic embryogenesis of chrysanthemum via leaf and stem segments They reported that the best somatic embryogenesis response (93%) was obtained from leaf explant in MS medium along with
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