Abstract
Liquid crystal biosensors are based on changes in the orientation of liquid crystal molecules induced by specific bonding events of biomolecules. These biosensors are expected to serve as a promising system to detect biomolecules, biomolecular activity, and even small chemical molecules because they are inexpensive, sensitive, simple, effective, and portable. Herein, we introduce the principle and fabrication of liquid crystal biosensors and review the research progress in signal-amplified technology for liquid crystal sensing and its application in the detection of viruses, bacteria, proteins, nucleic acids, and small chemical molecules. In addition, the current theoretical and practical issues related to liquid crystal biosensors were investigated.
Highlights
As a unique material, liquid crystals (LCs) flow readily like a liquid and maintain optical anisotropy similar to that of crystals
LCs can be used as materials that respond to the presence of foreign species or the occurrence of binding events in their vicinity [1,2,3]
PAA-b-LCP was functionalized on the interface of aqeous-5CB, wherein the LCP block was anchored to 5CB and the PAA block was complexed with metal ions in water
Summary
Liquid crystals (LCs) flow readily like a liquid and maintain optical anisotropy similar to that of crystals. In 2002, the Abbott team conducted groundbreaking research, finding that sodium dodecyl sulfonate (an amphiphilic molecule containing long alkyl chains) adsorbed on the LC–aqueous interface could induce LCs to adopt a vertical, ordered arrangement. This discovery laid the foundation for the development of LC–aqueous interface biosensors [5]. As a result of in-depth research in recent years, LCs have been developed as a new type of signal converter for biological and chemical molecule sensing SScchheemmaattiicc rreepprreesseennttaattiioonn ooff aann LLCC--bbaasseedd sseennssoorr ccoonnssiissttiinngg ooff aa ggoolldd ggrriidd ccoommppaarrttmmeenntt,, aa ssiillaanniizzeedd ggllaassss ssuubbssttrraatteeaanndd LLCCss;; tthhee aarrrroowwss iinnddiiccaatteetthhee ttrraannssmmiissssiioonnoofflliigghhtt:: ((aa)) LLCCss aappppeeaarr aalliiggnneedd nneeaarr ththeesusbusbtrsatrtaetaendansdligshltilgyhdtliysodrdiseorerddenreeadr tnheeaarirthinetearifracien. t(ebr)faLcCe.s e(bxh) ibLiCt hs oemxheoibtriot phicomaliegontrmoepnict naleiagrnamneanqt uneeoaur sanenavqiuroenoumseennt,vmiroendmiaetendt,bmyeadliiapteidd lbayyear.li(pci)dDlaeysterru. c(tci)oDneosftrtuhcetiloipnidoflathyeerlirpeisdulltasyienr dreissourldtseirnodf itshoerdLeCrso[f6t]h. e LCs [6]
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