Abstract
As global energy demand grows and environmental problems intensify, the search for clean, renewable energy solutions becomes especially urgent. This article reviews microbial fuel cell (MFCs) technology, a new type of clean energy technology that uses microbial metabolic activity to convert organic matter into electricity. Compared with traditional fossil fuel power generation methods, MFCs have significant advantages such as low pollution, low noise, and renewable. The working principle of MFCs, including the reaction process of anode and cathode, as well as the key factors affecting the performance of MFCs, such as the choice of anode and cathode materials, are discussed. In addition, the coupling applications of MFCs with other technologies, such as photocatalysis, electrofenton technology, microbial electrolysis (MEC) and constructed wetland technology, are discussed, which provide new possibilities for improving wastewater treatment efficiency and expanding the application field of MFC. Finally, the challenges and future development direction of MFCs technology are prospected, and key research directions such as improving energy conversion efficiency, reducing cost and enhancing system stability are pointed out.
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