Abstract
Increase in trading and travelling flows has resulted in the need for non-intrusive object inspection and identification methods. Traditional techniques proved to be effective for decades; however, with the latest advances in technology, the intruder can implement more sophisticated methods to bypass inspection points control techniques. The present study provides an overview of the existing and developing techniques for non-intrusive inspection control, current research trends, and future challenges in the field. Both traditional and developing methods, techniques, and technologies were analyzed with the use of traditional and novel sensor types. Finally, it was concluded that the improvement of non-intrusive inspection experience could be gained with the additional use of novel types of sensors (such as biosensors) combined with traditional techniques (X-ray inspection).
Highlights
Worldwide globalization processes aim to make the world more open offering the possibility of easy access to different places around the world regardless of their citizenship or nationality
Due to the capability of changing its internal structure depending on the changing external environment, along with provisioning output information dependent on the dynamically changing environment, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) proved to be a good solution for the machine learning (ML) concept
We have presented and evaluated the most recent advances in nonintrusive inspection techniques, starting from human identity verification and ending with non-intrusive object inspection with the use of novel technologies, such as biosensors
Summary
Worldwide globalization processes aim to make the world more open offering the possibility of easy access to different places around the world regardless of their citizenship or nationality. Governments are taking measures, which could be different in nature and dependent on typical regional peculiarities, such as continuous integration of EU member countries in Europe, geographical challenges in Oceania and North America, and historical challenges in Africa and South America [11] These novel techniques for improvement of border control experience for legitimate travelers typically relate to person identification technologies based on behavioral or physical characteristics and include automated methods to recognize fingerprints, hand and finger geometry, retinal and iris scanning, voice and facial recognition [12,13]. These examples demonstrate the possibility of deep integration of the information systems across different states and combining them into a united database available to each participating state or organization All these examples mostly relate to person identification issues; the question of items identification, development of similar databases containing data on legal and illegal items, remains open. The following chapters reveal traditional and developing techniques, which could be enhanced for the aims of non-intrusive object inspection
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