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Abstract
Opal, colloidal crystal, is three-dimensionally and closely packed monodispersed silica particles of a few 100nm. Opals have been used in gemstone for a long time because they show iridescent palette described as the play of rainbow color. Sanders et al. revealed the mystery of the play of rainbow color in 1960s. They explained that the mechanism of the iridescent color in opal is caused by Bragg diffraction of visible light from the periodic array of silica particles, i.e., a kind of structural color (Sanders, 1968). Afterward, artificial opals were in industrial production and sold as synthetic jewelry in commercial market.
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