Abstract
In view of the existing problems of stope roadways, which are difficult to maintain under the influence of high ground and mining-induced stresses, the structural characteristics and movement regularities of stopes surrounding rocks were analysed. Through the construction of a three-dimensional mechanical model of the coordination support of a stope, the adaptability index of the support in stope is presented, and its mechanism of operation is expounded. Yielding–resisting sand column (YRSC) sidewall-support technology with satisfactory compressibility and supporting strength was developed. The structure and actual mechanical properties of the YRSC were investigated through laboratory experiments, and the optimum ratio of filling materials was obtained. The good applicability of the load and deformation adaptability index of the three-dimensional coordination support in the stope and YRSC sidewall-support technology were demonstrated in practice at the No. 12306 working face of the Dongda coal mine. It was shown that the designed carrying capacity and compression of the sand columns satisfied the site requirements. The actual stress and deformation of the YRSC exhibited three stages: Slow growth at the initial stage, a large increase in the medium term, and a stable trend at the end. The adaptability index of the three-dimensional coordination support in the stope considers all bearing structure units of the stope as an interconnected whole, and the stability conditions of the stope roadway can be quantitatively described. The supporting effect of the YRSC is remarkable and can be applied to the construction of tunnels, bridge systems and other engineering fields.
Highlights
With the increase of mining depth and the intensity of extraction, the support and maintenance of roadways for the conventional pillar mining method are more difficult owing to the influence of various conditions, such as high ground stress and high-intensity mining
Regarding a stope stability analysis, the influence parameters of stope stability in open stopes have been studied by Heidarzadeh and Diederichs [7,8]
The results showed that the experiment can be Vibration without watersand columns as the testing divided into three phases
Summary
With the increase of mining depth and the intensity of extraction, the support and maintenance of roadways for the conventional pillar mining method are more difficult owing to the influence of various conditions, such as high ground stress and high-intensity mining. The high labour intensity and low entry retaining rate of conventional support methods, as well as the complex support systems and high investment cost of new techniques, are beginning to hinder further utilisation and development of non-pillar mining technology, and it is imperative to find new ways of support that better accommodate different engineering fields [2,3,4] In this manuscript, the load and deformation adaptability index of three-dimensional coordination support (TDCS) in the stopes was developed and the mechanism of its operation was expounded, a new type of yielding–resisting sand column (YRSC) sidewall-support technology with satisfactory compressibility and supporting intensity was developed. The designed bearing capacity and satisfactory compressibility of the YRSC sidewall-support scheme meet the requirements of the field and this scheme has been proven to provide remarkable economic benefits and supporting performances, with strong potential for further expansion
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