Applicability of Oral Fluid and Dried Blood Spot for Hepatitis B Virus Diagnosis.

Livia Melo Villar,Moyra Machado Portilho,Helena Medina Cruz,Cristianne Sousa Bezerra,Geane Lopes Flores

doi:10.1155/2019/5672795

Livia Melo Villar, Moyra Machado Portilho + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5672795

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Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major causes of chronic liver disease worldwide; however most of individuals are not aware about the infection. Oral fluid and dried blood spot (DBS) samples may be an alternative to serum to HBV diagnosis to increase the access to diagnosis in remote areas or high-risk groups. The main objective of this review is to give an insight about the usefulness of oral fluid and DBS for detecting HBV markers. Several groups have evaluated the detection of HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HBs markers in oral fluid and DBS samples demonstrating 13 to 100% of sensitivity and specificity according different groups, sample collectors, and diagnosis assays. In the same way, HBV DNA detection using oral fluid and DBS samples demonstrate different values of sensitivity according type of collection, studied group, extraction, and detection methods. Thus, serological and molecular diagnostic tests demonstrated good performance for detecting HBV using oral fluid and DBS according some characteristics and could be useful to increase the access to the diagnosis of HBV.

Highlights

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is responsible for acute and chronic cases all over the world
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA), electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA), chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA), radioimmunoassay (RIA), and rapid assays have been used for serological diagnosis [1, 3, 4]
EIA with modifications along to Salivette device allowed HBsAg sensitivity of 85.1% among monoinfected HBV patients [13] and 80.9% between HBV/human immunodeficiency markers of virus (HIV) coinfected individuals [17]. These results demonstrated the importance of modifications in EIA protocol for testing oral fluid and the influence of HIV status in the performance of assay

Summary

Introduction

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is responsible for acute and chronic cases all over the world. Diagnosis of infection is made by detection of serological (HBsAg, HBeAg, antiHBe, anti-HBc, anti-HBc IgM, and anti-HBs) and molecular markers (HBV DNA) [1, 2]. Enzyme immunoassay (EIA), electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA), chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA), radioimmunoassay (RIA), and rapid assays have been used for serological diagnosis [1, 3, 4]

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