Abstract

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a disease that is both highly contagious and of great economic importance in Malaysia. Therefore, reliable and improved diagnostic methods are needed to facilitate disease surveillance. This study compared PRRSV antibody responses in oral fluid versus serum samples following PRRS modified live (MLV) vaccination using commercial antibody ELISA kits (IDEXX Laboratories, Inc.). The study involved two pig farms located in Perak and Selangor, Malaysia. Both farms were vaccinated with PRRS MLV 1 month prior to sample collection. Thirty-five animals were used as subjects in each farm. These 35 animals were divided into 7 different categories: gilts, young sows, old sows, and four weaner groups. Oral fluid and serum samples were collected from these animals individually. In addition, pen oral fluid samples were collected from weaner groups. The oral fluid and serum samples were tested with IDEXX PRRS Oral Fluid Antibody Test Kit and IDEXX PRRS X3 Antibody Test Kit, respectively. The results were based on sample to positive ratio (S/P ratio of the samples). Results revealed a significant and positive correlation between serum and oral fluid samples for both farm A (p = 0.0001, r = 0.681) and farm B (p = 0.0001, r = 0.601). In general, oral fluids provided higher S/P results than serum, but the patterns of response were highly similar, especially for the sow groups. Thus, the use of oral fluids in endemic farms is effective and economical, particularly for large herds. In conclusion, the authors strongly recommend the use of oral fluids for PRRS monitoring in endemic farms.

Highlights

  • Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the major threats to the pig industry and can cause great economic loss due to reproduction failure in sows and preweaning mortality of up to 60 %

  • Test results were expressed by calculating the sample-to-positive control (S/P) ratio for each sample using commercial software (IDEXX XCheck® software)

  • Literature suggested that S/P values which are considered normal for serum (0.5 to 1.5) would have higher values for oral fluid (3.0 to 6.0) (IDEXX 2013)

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Summary

Introduction

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the major threats to the pig industry and can cause great economic loss due to reproduction failure in sows and preweaning mortality of up to 60 %. This will cause significant economic loss to the pig farmers as they are not able to increase the production of the farm. In Malaysia, a recent seroprevalence study indicated that 89.2 % of the sera tested were seropositive against PRRS virus (Vania and Ooi 2012) This indicates the importance of proper monitoring of PRRS in Malaysian pig farms

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