Applicability of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as a cell-free miRNA therapy and epigenetic modifiers for diabetes.

Abstract

Given that exosome nanovesicles constitute various growth factors, miRNAs and lncRNAs, they haveimplications for epigenetic modifications. Few studies have shown that exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)exhibit therapeutic effects on diabetic complications by substituting miRNAs and regulating histone modifications. Therefore, reversing epigenetic aberrations in diabetes may provide new insight into its treatment. This review discusses the impact of DNA and histone methylations on the development of diabetes and its complications. Further, we talkaboutmiRNAs dysregulated in diabetic conditions and the possibility of utilizingmesenchymal stem cell (MSC)exosomesfor the development of miRNA cell-free therapy and epigenetic modifiers in reversing diabetic-induced epigenetic alterations.