Abstract
We investigated the protective effects of a viral vector based on an Apple latent spherical virus (ALSV) harboring a segment of the Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) genome against mosaic diseases in pea, broad bean, and eustoma plants caused by BYMV infection. In pea plants pre-inoculated with the ALSV vaccine and challenge inoculated with BYMV expressing green fluorescence protein, BYMV multiplication occurred in inoculated leaves, but was markedly inhibited in the upper leaves. No mosaic symptoms due to BYMV infection were observed in the challenged plants pre-inoculated with the ALSV vaccine. Simultaneous inoculation with the ALSV vaccine and BYMV also prevented mosaic symptoms in broad bean and eustoma plants, and BYMV accumulation was strongly inhibited in the upper leaves of plants treated with the ALSV vaccine. Pea and eustoma plants were pre-inoculated with BYMV followed by inoculation with the ALSV vaccine to investigate the curative effects of the ALSV vaccine. In both plant species, recovery from mosaic symptoms was observed in upper leaves and BYMV accumulation was inhibited in leaves developing post-ALSV vaccination. These results show that ALSV vaccination not only prevents mosaic diseases in pea, broad bean, and eustoma, but that it is also effective in curing these diseases.
Highlights
Apple latent spherical virus (ALSV), classified into the genus Cheravirus, is a small spherical virus approximately 25 nm in diameter, and comprised of a bisegmented, single-stranded RNA genome (RNA1 and RNA2) and three types of coat proteins (Vp25, Vp20, and Vp24) [1,2]
We investigated whether the interference effects of ALSV vaccines found in N. benthamiana can be induced in pea, broad bean, and eustoma plants and whether ALSV vaccines can be used to prevent or cure mosaic diseases caused by Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV)
In plants that were pre-inoculated with wild-type ALSV (wtALSV) followed by BYMV challenge inoculation, the same mosaic symptoms were observed in the fifth to the eighth leaves
Summary
Apple latent spherical virus (ALSV), classified into the genus Cheravirus, is a small spherical virus approximately 25 nm in diameter, and comprised of a bisegmented, single-stranded RNA genome (RNA1 and RNA2) and three types of coat proteins (Vp25, Vp20, and Vp24) [1,2]. Experiments have been reported in which plants were pre-inoculated with ALSV vaccines harboring a part of the genomic sequences of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), both of which are pathogenic to Cucurbitaceae, and of three species of tospovirus. These plants showed strong interference against challenge inoculation with the corresponding pathogenic viruses, and viral multiplication was strongly inhibited [8,21]. We investigated whether the interference effects of ALSV vaccines found in N. benthamiana can be induced in pea, broad bean, and eustoma plants and whether ALSV vaccines can be used to prevent or cure mosaic diseases caused by BYMV
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