Abstract
Abstract Sprays were applied to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 2 replicates of York Imperial and 4 replicates of Golden Delicious. Treatments were applied with an airblast sprayer at 25 gpa/alternate side spray driven at 2 mph. Rates for treatments are listed as amounts/acre/both sides spray. Spray dates for treatments were: May 20 and 27; Jun 4, 14, 21 and 28; Jul 6, 15 and 26; Aug 3, 11, 20 and 27; and Sept 3. Fungicides applied during the season were: Cyprex, Polyram, sulfur, oaptan, zineb and calcium chloride. Average temperatures were: May 66UF, Jun 67°F, Jul 78°F, Aug 74°F and Sept 63°F. Rainfall in inches totaled: May 2.45, Jun 6.65, Jul 3.00, Aug 1.80 and Sept 2.65. Effectiveness on apple aphid was evaluated by counting aphid infested leaves/10 top terminals, and aphids/most infested leaf/infested terminal. Effect of the sprays on white apple leafhopper was evaluated by counting nymphs/25 leaves/tree. Effectiveness of test chemicals on European red mite and two-spotted spider mite was evaluated by counting mites several times during the season on samples of 15 leaves/tree, 90 leaves/treatment. Effects of sprays on the predator S. punctum were evaluated by 3-minute counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of the test trees. Effectiveness of chemicals on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury all drops after Jul 1, and 2 pick samples on Aug 17 and Sept 21. Apple samples averaged 137 fruits/replicate and 822/treatment.
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